Intramuscular injection, long acting injectable, injection site reaction, ultrasound diagnostic device, intramuscular injection technique. Intradermal injection it is the introduction via needle of tiny amounts of fluid into layers of skin. After you inserting the needle into the muscle take your hand off the skin. Intramuscular im injection site for infants and toddlers.
Proper technique when administering intramuscular injections. Some vaccines are approved by the food and drug administration fda for administration by the pharmajet stratis needlefree injection system. An educational class was developed and implemented to include appropriate needle sizelength, proper placement of an im injection in the deltoid, proper positioning of the. Intramuscular injections im are a common yet complex technique used to deliver medication deep into the large muscles of the body. Syringe used is 1ml tuberculin syringe because of a very small amount of drug. An intramuscular im injection is a shot of medicine given into a muscle. This article aims to help nurses to administer intramuscular injections in a safe, effective and patientcentred manner. Using the correct injection technique and selecting the correct site will minimise the risk of complications. The poster illustrates site landmarks and muscles in the deltoid, dorsogluteal, and vastus lateralis regions. Intramuscular injection guidelines for needle length and gauge selection adapted from fundamentals of nursing.
Injection site and needle size subcutaneous subcut injection use a 2325 gauge needle. Or, divide the buttock into quadrants and inject in the upper outer quadrant, about 2 to 3 below the iliac crest. Intramuscular injection an overview sciencedirect topics. Pdf 226 pages provides evidencebased recommendations for safe injection practices and reflects the minimum standards that healthcare personnel should follow to prevent. Those available considered assessment of needle length and gauge, 8 complications from im injections, 9, 10 and site of injection in relation to muscle mass, 11 but no studies specifically examined maximum volumes for. This allows the medication to be absorbed into the bloodstream quickly.
Search for intramuscular injection in these categories. Intramuscular injection, often abbreviated im, is the injection of a substance directly into muscle. Choose this site if are injecting to yourself, or if a caregiver gives you the injection. Certain medicines need to be given into the muscle for them to work correctly. Given a certain patient situation, the students distinguish the appropriate site for the administration of medication. Insert the im needle into the muscle at a 90 degree angle with one quick and firm motion. Look at your thigh and divide it horizontally into 3 equal parts. The intramuscular route allows the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulation. How to give an intramuscular injection im injection. The administration of intramuscular injections is a common nursing intervention in clinical practice. Pull back on the plunger a little to make sure you did not hit a blood.
This is part 1 of a twopart series on injection techniques. Intramuscular injection sites poster muscle this visual aid was developed specifically for teaching, demonstrating, training, and studying of intramuscular injection site locations. When administering a vaccine by injection, choose the correct needle size based on the route, age, patient size, and injection technique. Good injection technique can mean the difference between less pain and injury. Common reasons for unsuccessful im injection included poor injectionsite selection and not advancing the needle to full length. Administer the vaccines centers for disease control. The responsibility for ensuring injection safety rests with national governments. You should clean the injection site thoroughly, pinch your skin at the injection.
Learning objectives identifies the parts of a syringe and the needle gauge. Injection safety, or safe injection practices, is a set of measures taken to perform injections in an optimally safe manner for patients, healthcare personnel, and others. Before you give a prolia injection, make sure you are trained by a health professional to master the technique. Choose a site that is free from pain, infection, abrasions, or necrosis. Clean the injection site skin with an alcohol swab. Hold the skin around the injection site in the manner described above.
Surrounding the deltoid im injection site, the thickness of the deltoid muscle. Pdf efficacy and safety in intramuscular injection techniques. Intramuscular injection im osce guide geeky medics. Delivered by intramuscular im injections, long acting injections lai, offering comparatively long term medicinal effects from several weeks to several months, are gaining much attention. How to give a testosterone intramuscular im injection. This guide discusses how to perform an im injection in an artificial osce setting and should not be used as a guide to administering injections to actual patients without first consulting your local medical school or hospital. Depending on the chemical properties of the drug, the medication may either be absorbed quickly or more gradually. Pull the skin around the injection site with your thumb and index finger to make it taut.
Preventing needle stick injury anticipate abrupt movement of the patient and take care more the used needle is handled or carried, the greater is the risk of sharp injury never try to recap, bend or manually remove needle from syringe do not move around with used equipment in hand keep needle destroyer near by only properly dispose it 33. Abstract the intramuscular route allows the rapid absorption of drugs into the. Small nonhuman primates may be restrained by physical means. Accurate anatomical knowledge is necessary in order to. The typical injection dosage is one syringe every 6 months. How to administer intramuscular and subcutaneous vaccine. The ztrack method is used for intramuscular injections for following reasons. Injection technique, choice of needle length and gauge diameter, and injection site are all important considerations, since these factors can affect both the immunogenicity of the vaccine and the risk of local reactions at the injection site, and are discussed in. Subcutaneous injection is administered into the subcutaneous tissue, the layer of skin underlying the dermis and epidermis. Intramuscular injections require a thorough and meticulous approach to patient assessment and injection technique. You have been prescribed a medicine that must be given by subcutaneous sq injection.
Who best practices for injections and related procedures. This allows the medication to be quickly absorbed into the bloodstream for action. Clinical experience of intramuscular immunoglobulin for. Injection site reaction was greater with subcutaneous compared with intramuscular injection in the two studies in which needle parameters and injection technique were specified. Efficacy and safety in intramuscular injection techniques using ultrasonographic data article pdf available in health 1003. This article examines the available evidence about intramuscular injection techniques to generate simple evidencebased or best practice guidelines for. Muscles have larger and more numerous blood vessels than subcutaneous tissue.
Intramuscular injection guidelines for needle length and. To ensure rational and safe use of injections globally, better injection safety practices are needed. The thigh is a good place to give an injection to yourself or a child less than 3 years old. Intramuscular im injection site for children and adults. Pdf efficacy and safety in intramuscular injection. Author eileen shepherd is clinical editor at nursing times. The thigh is a good place to give yourself an injection because it. The aim of this article was to indicate a safe and effective im injection technique based on evidenced data derived from ultrasonographic data. The importance of good injection technique cannot be understated. Abstract the intramuscular route allows for rapid absorption of drugs into the. Giving injection make the patient comfortable and give him a proper position so as to identify the proper site for injection properly hold the child hold the syringe in your hand as if holding a pen remove needle cap immediately before giving injectionnot earlier 30 31. Older adults and thin patients may only tolerate up to 2 ml in a single injection.
Guidelines on the administration of intramuscular and sub. Many medications used in mental health settings require im route of administration and im injections are often given in circumstances in which there are be risks to both consumers and staff. This handout explains how to give yourself a subcutaneous injection. Look at the thigh, and imagine it in 3 equal parts.
Prior to administering an im injection, refer to your procedure manual to. Who best practices for injections and related procedures toolkit. The administration of intramuscular injections is a. Scroll down to read the article or download a printfriendly pdf here if the.
Following administration of an intramuscular injection, the patient should be observed for a period of time to reduce any risk of harm. Intramuscular injection guidelines becton dickinson. Use a needle long enough to reach deep into the muscle. Intramuscular injection im is injection of medication into the muscle through the. An intramuscular injection is a technique used to deliver a medication deep into the muscles. The use of a squeeze cage makes this technique the method of choice for delivering drugs that are available in intramuscular injection form. The dorsogluteal site should be avoided for intramuscular injections. Choose the injection site that is appropriate to the persons age and body mass. Intramuscular injection volume is three milliliters mls or less. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. A framework for safe practice is included, identifying important points. Intramuscular and subcutaneous pdf icon external icon.
Im injection sites should be rotated to decrease the risk of hypertrophy. Z track technique the ztrack technique involves displacing the skin and subcutaneous layer in relation to the underlying muscle so that the needle track is sealed off when the needle is withdrawn, thus minimizing reflux fig 1. Give in the central and thickest portion of the deltoid muscle above the level of the armpit. Intramuscular injection in deltoid muscle with ztrack technique duration. Thus, proper injection techniques and procedures contribute to the safety of both patients and. More than 12 billion im injections are administered annually throughout the world. Principles of injection technique becton dickinson. Intramuscular im injections have been an integral part of drug administration in nursing practice for almost half a century. Hold the syringe barrel tightly and use your wrist to inject the needle through the skin and into the muscle at a 90 degree angle. Intramuscular versus subcutaneous injection of unmodified insulin. A subcutaneous or intramuscular injection is almost always painless if the skin is stretched firmly before inserting the needle. This is a shot that is given into the fatty tissue just under the skin. An intramuscular injection, as illustrated in the figure below, delivers medication deep into the muscle tissue.
Efficacy and safety in intramuscular injection techniques. We identified few primary studies of injection technique in children. The hip is a good place to give an injection to adults and children older than 7 months. Part 1 of this twopart series on injection techniques describes the. Injection site vastus lateralis muscle in the thigh. In medicine, it is one of several methods for parenteral administration of medications see route of administration. An evidencebased approach to intramuscular injection. Intramuscular im injections administer medication deep into the muscle tissue, enabling faster absorption and larger systemic doses than subcutaneous injections.
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